• l Arginine supplementation was reported

  2024-05-30

  

  l-Arginine supplementation was reported to be efficient, inefficient or toxic in aged patients. The present study does not support our hypothesis that increased tissue arginase activity may account for the ineffectiveness and even the toxicity of l-arginine supplementation in ageing. Indeed, except

• reverse transcriptase Dopaminergic neurons are vulnerable to

  2024-05-30

  

  Dopaminergic neurons are vulnerable to oxidative products and inflammatory responses; these processes may play important roles in the etiology of PD. Because glial reverse transcriptase are the main generators of inflammatory responses in the CNS, the possibility that PD results from glial cell dys

• The RAS may have different functions depending

  2024-05-30

  

  The RAS may have different functions depending on whether we consider the circulatory component or the different local tissue systems (including brain) well described previously [29]. The cardiovascular control and hydroelectrolytic balance (among other functions), are largely the result of the infl

• However a high triglyceride level was associated with

  2024-05-30

  

  However, a high triglyceride level was associated with dementia in a study with subjects aged ≥65 years (Raffaitin et al., 2009). In another study, the serum triglyceride levels of three different transgenic mouse strains mimicking AD were also evaluated within the progression of the pathology. In o

• br Conclusion br Conflicts of interest br Introduction

  2024-05-30

  

  Conclusion Conflicts of interest Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative condition known to cause dementia (Ferri et al., 2005). Alzheimer’s dementia typically presents with initial recent episodic memory deficits, word finding difficulty and later with apraxia

• Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular lev

  2024-05-29

  

  Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular levels of cAMP to restore spontaneous contraction (Essayan, 2001, Qi and Kwan, 1996), acting downstream of adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, cardiac arrest induced by decreased intracellular cAMP levels could be reversed by phosphodiesterase inhibi

• br Methods br Results br Discussion First the cells

  2024-05-29

  

  Methods Results Discussion First, the xanthine oxidase inhibitor isolated from non-PD TA tissue and PD plaque tissue were characterized. The results showed that both cell groups were positive for vimentin and negative for desmin suggesting that these cells were fibroblasts. It was also obs

• It has been reported that

  2024-05-29

  

  It has been reported that leukotrienes and their receptors, e.g. the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1) may promote 543 synthesis injury (Ding et al., 2007) and that increased 5-LOX expression and activity lead to production of brain-toxic molecules (Khan et al., 2010). However, differential

• br Author contributions br Conflict of interest br

  2024-05-29

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81502276), Major Projects of Science and Technology of Health and Family Planning Commission of Hunan Province (A2017013), the Natural Science Foundation o

• Receptors containing an x y subunit interface where

  2024-05-29

  

  Receptors containing an αx/γy subunit interface, where x=1, 2, 3, 5 and y=1–3, form a high-affinity binding site for benzodiazepines (Figure 1A), for the later developed Z-drugs of different chemotypes, and for a large number of chemically distinct research compounds 17, 18 (Box 1 for examples). Fo

• It is now well established that the cumulative exposure

  2024-05-29

  

  It is now well established that the cumulative exposure to endogenous estrogens throughout a woman's life, mainly due to her reproductive history, has an impact on the risk of hormone-dependent breast cancer (Lambertini et al., 2016). Prolonged exposure to estrogens in the case of early age at menar

• The MOB and AOB are important in

  2024-05-29

  

  The MOB and AOB are important in ungulates (Keller and Levy, 2012, Sanchez-Andrade and Kendrick, 2009), which rely heavily on odorant information for social interactions (Baum and Cherry, 2015, Keller and Levy, 2012, Osada et al., 2014, Villagran and Ungerfeld, 2013). The release of GABA and glutama

• Apoptosis a major process of programmed cell death

  2024-05-29

  

  Apoptosis, a major process of programmed cell death, and in response to many chemopreventive agents (Jeyamohan et al., 2016). In general, two major signaling pathways control apoptosis, namely, a pathway mediated by cell death receptor and a pathway mediated by mitochondrion, and possible drug targe

• br Consequences of central apelin APJ modulation Regarding e

  2024-05-29

  

  Consequences of central apelin/APJ modulation Regarding extra-hypothalamic actions, recent data demonstrate that the central apelin/APJ system could be a potential new target for the regulation of memory (Han et al., 2014). Then, intracerebroventricular (icv) apelin administration in mice impairs

• The physiologic conditions and signaling mechanisms that reg

  2024-05-29

  

  The physiologic conditions and signaling mechanisms that regulate apelin secretion and APLNR expression in malignant tissues appear to be multifactorial. Previous studies have shown that hyperplastic and neoplastic cholangiocytes secrete a variety of hormones, peptides, and growth factors that help

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