• Here we examined whether complete

  2022-08-29

  

  Here, we examined whether complete ablation of GIP production could reduce weight gain in the absence of the adipocyte hormone leptin, a condition that results in extreme hyperphagia, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance, in both mice [24] and humans [25]. We found that Lepob/ob mice be

• br Conclusions br Introduction Bioinformatics analysis shows

  2022-08-29

  

  Conclusions Introduction Bioinformatics analysis shows that there are about 300,000 G-rich sequences in human genome if searching with the consensus sequence (G3+N1-7G3+N1-7G3+N1-7G3+) [1], and their localizations are non-random. These G-rich sequences always localize in functional regions, su

• Ligand selectivity may directly be related to the conformati

  2022-08-29

  

  Ligand selectivity may directly be related to the conformational landscape explored by GPCRs despite that most GPCRs do not require dimerization for ligand recognition (Mary et al., 2012). Monomer FPRs have traditionally been perceived as receptors that can recognize N-formyl peptides and LXA4. This

• First identified in as the second mammalian

  2022-08-29

  

  First identified in 1982 as the second mammalian glutathione peroxidase [23], we and Stockwell's group demonstrated in 2014 that the selenoperoxidase GPX4 is the key upstream regulator of ferroptosis [12], [13]. The role of GPX4 as the main regulator in the ferroptotic process is based on its unique

• NMR analyses support the above statement

  2022-08-29

  

  NMR analyses support the above statement. Compound 32 is an interesting example of an isosteric analog of compounds 12–14. It has been demonstrated that 32 forms a rather stable six-membered ring via a hydrogen bond based on the chemical shift of the phosphorus HBC at the C-3 position as illustrate

• The H autoreceptors distributed mainly in the CNS

  2022-08-26

  

  The H3 autoreceptors distributed mainly in the CNS act as a negative feedback on histamine synthesis and release from histaminergic neurons. Histamine is involved in many physiological functions such as sleep-wake regulation, circadian and feeding rhythm, thermal regulation, locomotion, learning, co

• br Funding This study was

  2022-08-26

  

  Funding This study was supported by grants-in-aid for scientific research from the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (grant 16K186462 to Dr. Tomizawa, grant 16K19989 to Dr. Kobayashi, and grant 16H05433 to Dr. Mitsudomi) and a research grant from Boehringer-Ingelheim (to T. Mitsudomi). Co

• Metal organic frameworks MOFs have

  2022-08-26

  

  Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged over the past two decades with the potentials to act as promising materials in gas storage, chemical separation, catalyst, magnetism, sensing, and drug delivery etc (Du et al., 2013, Zhou and Kitagawa, 2014). Additionally, the secondary interactions, such

• The first suggestion that the Hh pathway might be

  2022-08-26

  

  The first suggestion that the Hh pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease was reported at the beginning of this millennium by Shackel et al. who noted that Patch and Gli were upregulated in their microarray analysis of liver tissues from patients with primary biliary ch

• br Direct effect of HDACs on

  2022-08-26

  

  Direct effect of HDACs on contractile function by deacetylating cytoskeletal and contractile proteins Role of HDACs in electropathology by transcriptional reprogramming Next to deacetylation of α-tubulin by HDAC6 in experimental and human AF, there is also evidence for transcriptional reprogra

• Following our initial observation of an unexpected increase

  2022-08-26

  

  Following our initial observation of an unexpected increase in the maximal rates of cGMP formation by NO-stimulated sGC in the presence of cytosolic PCA preparations [15], we attempted to purify, identify and characterize the responsible protein(s). The purification protocol described in the presen

• br cAMP cGMP effector systems

  2022-08-26

  

  cAMP/cGMP effector systems in human platelets (PKA, PKG, PDEs) In eukaryotic cells, the effects of intracellular cAMP are mediated by two types of cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA type I and II) and cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (EPAC/cAMP-GEF) which activate the RAS GTPas

• Phagocytosis was observed at min

  2022-08-26

  

  Phagocytosis was observed at 60 min after mixing macrophages with microbes (A). The phagocytosis ability (PA) and phagocytosis index (PI) values of the macrophages engulfing the bacteria measured in flow cytometer were shown in histograms (B). Statistical analyses revealed that both the PA and PI va

• With able to modulate inflammation and effect obesity relate

  2022-08-26

  

  With ω3 able to modulate inflammation and effect obesity-related outcomes, it is of interested that two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), GPR120 and GPR40, were recently deorphanized and shown to recognize ω3 acids (docosahexaenoic, C22:6; eicosapentaenoic, C20:4; and α-linolenic, C18:3), as well

• The importance of FXR FGF signaling in

  2022-08-26

  

  The importance of FXR-FGF15/19 signaling in BA homeostasis is illustrated by various BA malabsorption syndromes. Clinically, BA malabsorption causes diarrhea due to high BA concentrations in the colon that lead to secretion of water and electrolytes and stimulation of propulsive contractions [36]. P

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