Liaohe River situates in the southwestern part

Liaohe River situates in the southwestern part of Northeast China and flows through Liaoning Province. Due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization, Liaohe River has become one of the most polluted rivers in China. Multitudinous organic pollutants that can induce toxicity to organisms such as PAHs, PCBs, PCDD/Fs, organochlorine pesticides, and perfluorinated compounds have been detected in water, sediments and aquatic animal (freshwater fish etc.) of Liaohe River (Zhang et al., 2010, Yang et al., 2011, Ren et al., 2013, Lv et al., 2014, Ke et al., 2015). The pollution has been a serious threat to the ecological health and the local people's health. Thus the Chinese government established the Liaohe River protected areas in 2010 (Ke et al., 2015). Although the water quality of Liaohe River has a certain degree of improvement (Guo et al., 2014), the pollution of sediments is still of concern.
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion Our studies put focus on the AhR-agonists and the AhR-agonist activity in sediments of Liaohe River protected areas via chemical analysis and in vitro H4IIE cell bioassay. This study showed that the combination of chemical analysis and in vitro bioassay could effectively evaluate AhR-agonists and AhR-agonist activity. Meanwhile, potency balance analysis could help to identify the major AhR-agonists in sediments. This could provide important information for the further study of the ecological improvement and the ecological restoration of river. In this study, the contributions of TEQPCDD/Fss to Bio-TEQs could reach 22.8%. This indicated that PCDD/Fs were the major contributors that induced significantly AhR-agonist activity. Further study is also needed to select more potential AhR-agonists for chemical analysis and verify the existence of potential non-additive interactions in Diclofenac Sodium extracts.
Acknowledgments Financial support was provided by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (Grant No. 2012ZX07202-004-02).
Introduction Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) based on MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) technology is directly used to solve the attitude control problem of a rigid body, which has attracted a strong interest in many applications, such as inertial motion capture, aerospace systems, and aircraft guidance (Guerrero-Castellanos et al., 2011, Abbate et al., 2009, Gao and Zhao, 2015). In the strap-down inertial system, small-size tri-axis MEMS gyroscope and accelerometer are usually mounted on a quadrotor to determine attitude. However, the accelerometer only estimates the Earth’s gravity vector reference and is unable to sense the rotation about vertical axis (Jin et al., 2013, Calabia and Jin, 2016a, Calabia and Jin, 2016b). Thus, magnetometers are added into the typical AHRS to measure the Earth’s magnetic field reference and determine the orientation relative to the vertical (Wang et al., 2014). In general, these 3 sensors can be classified into two main categories: the autonomous angular velocity sensors and the estimations of reference vector sensors. The former is generally rate gyros which measure the angular velocity of the vehicle in body coordinate and autonomously provide continuous attitude information with high short-term accuracy by means of the vehicle’s kinematic equation. However, due to the drifts and noise of the gyro measurements, the attitude estimation only depending on angular velocity sensors diverges slowly from the real attitude (José Fermi et al., 2013). Therefore, cytology is necessary to fuse other information sources to decrease the divergence provoked by the gyro drifts. The most common sensors fused in AHRS are accelerometer and magnetometer, known as the projection of reference vector sensors, which separately provide the projection of the Earth's gravity reference vector and the geomagnetic field reference vector in body coordinate (Whaba, 1965). In attitude estimation, Kalman filter is commonly applied, whose prediction model and observation model is constructed by the output of rate gyro and the output of accelerometer and magnetometer, respectively (Markley et al., 2005).