domoic acid Space syntax research aims to develop strategies

Space syntax research aims to develop strategies for describing the configurations of occupied/inhabited spaces to articulate underlying social meanings. This process enables the development of secondary theories or practical explanations on the effects of spatial configuration on various social or cultural variables. A related theme in space syntax research is the comprehension of configured/functioned space itself, particularly the formative process and social meaning of space (Bafna, 2003). Space syntax attempts to formulate a configurational domoic acid in architecture by generating a theoretical understanding of how people create and use spatial configurations (e.g., mosque layouts). Therefore, space syntax attempts to identify how spatial configurations express a social or cultural meaning and how spatial configurations generate the social interactions in built environments. A considerable number of research and publications have shown that previous space syntax studies focus on real environments and identify the intrinsic nature of man-made environments. By developing consistent techniques to represent and analyze spatial patterns, recent space syntax studies have attempted to simulate spatial designs in mosque layout proposals and predict how these designs will work (Hillier et al., 1983, 1984, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c; Steadman, 1983; Hillier and Hanson, 1988; Peponis and Wineman, 2002; Ratti, 2004; Hillier and Tzortzi, 2006; Hillier, 2007). Space syntax research and application have demonstrated that the spatial arrangements in any building layout (e.g., mosque layouts) have a discernible and measurable influence on human (worshiper) behavior. Considering that these effects can be modeled, predicted, and improved prior to construction, designers must understand the relationship between layout design and human behavior (Bafna, 2003; Aazam, 2007).
Functional efficiency of mosque layouts One of the most important approaches that epitomize the distinct traits of society is the manner by which space is organized for human purposes; this approach achieves the appropriate and efficient functions of building layouts (Aspinall, 1993; Voordt et al., 1997). A product or process is considered functional when the product or process used is suitable for its purpose. For buildings, functionality may be defined as the degree to which activities are supported by the built environment. Functionality is related to the amount and form of space, the spatial relationship between spaces (functional zoning), and the routing through the building for the distribution of people (Voordt et al., 1997). In architectural design, function is approached mainly as a sequence of human actions coupled with equipment to satisfy specific practical requirements on a daily basis inside a given spatial unit (Reverson, 2009). Hillier (2007) defines functionality “as the ability of a complex to accommodate functions in general and therefore potentially a range of different functions, rather than any specific function.” Functional factors, such as the relationships between spaces and activities, appropriate axes of movement, flexibility, suitability, and safety, are the key aspects of a building layout design. These factors are closely related to the activities and organizational performances of the occupants. Functional considerations play an important role in the success of a building; thus, incorrect configuration will result in inefficient and unacceptable functions (Al-Nijaidi, 1985; Karlen, 2009). Therefore, functionality is the overall viability of a building in accommodating functions (e.g., multifunctionality and diversity) and achieving a range of different functions rather than a specific function (Bustard, 1999; Hanson, 2003). A built space is considered efficient when everyday users, worshippers, and visitors can participate in various activities without experiencing difficulties. The spatial–functional features ribosomes are relevant to efficiency include the spatial clustering of functionally related activities, short distances (spatial depth), and prevention of physical barriers between frequently used spaces in mosque layouts. The degree of efficiency achieved by building layouts can be determined by indicators, such as the availability of interior spaces for individual and communal use and the openness or closeness of physical partitions. Therefore, the two following components are important: