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In addition to the increase of extracellular glutamate
2022-09-21
In addition to the increase of extracellular glutamate, ICH can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Although the products of red blood cell lysis and plasma components, as well as the excitotoxic effect of glutamate have been to increase oxidative damage (
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mibefradil The simple carrier model for GLUT transport activ
2022-09-21
The simple carrier model for GLUT1 transport activity proposes that the transporter alternates between an outward facing glucose binding site and an inward, cytoplasmic, facing glucose binding site. Cytochalasin B is an endofacial inhibitor and appears to preferentially bind to the open, inward faci
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br Glucocorticoid receptor and metabolic syndrome GCs
2022-09-21
Glucocorticoid receptor and metabolic syndrome GCs acting through the GR regulate key enzymes of glucose metabolism in the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and the pancreas. In the liver, GCs regulate the expression of major gluconeogenic enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, g
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Introduction br Channel activity Since initial reports of
2022-09-21
Introduction Channel activity Since initial reports of the Ca2+-activated K+ permeability of erythrocytes (see Gardos, 1958), several ‘criteria’ have been established to certify K+ fluxes as being due to the Gárdos channel. For example, the requirement for Ca2+ at the intracellular face of the c
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Difopein br Introduction The term autophagy was
2022-09-21
Introduction The term “autophagy” was coined by Christian de Duve in 1963 to describe the process of removing and degrading intracellular components such as unused proteins and damaged organelles through lysosomes [1,2]. Autophagy has been divided into three main types, namely, macroautophagy, mi
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The comparatively low number of H R agonists
2022-09-20
The comparatively low number of H1R agonists is contrasted by the high number of diverse H1R antagonists. Based on pharmacological classification, they are grouped into different generations by considering their target as well as side effects profile. The first generation “antihistamines” consist of
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In conclusion we demonstrate for the first time that
2022-09-20
In conclusion, we demonstrate, for the first time, that histamine plays a key role in regulating astrocyte function and gliotransmitter release, and we now must re-consider the roles of monoamine neurotransmitters in brain function in the context of astrocyte signalling. Further in vivo studies will
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Second although HO expression in
2022-09-20
Second, although HO-1 expression in the stromal macrophages has been seen in the other cancer tissues [21], the impact of HO-1 expression on EAOC progression has not been explored. We have found that the CD163+ M2-like cytoskeleton were HO-1+ in OE, but malignant transformation may be associated wi
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PLP has been found to
2022-09-20
PLP has been found to be effective inhibitor of many enzymes that have chir99021 for phosphate-containing substrates or effectors, including RNA polymerase [14], [15], reverse transcriptase [16], and DNA polymerase [17], [18]. Oka et al. [19], [20] reported that vitamin B6 deficiency generally enha
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br GC C and cGMP of
2022-09-20
GC-C and cGMP: of mice and men As is usually the case for many genes, most of the studies that relate to GC-C have to date been carried out in mouse models, or in cell lines derived from human colorectal cancer tissue. What appeared to be a lacuna was any report of a human disorder that resulted
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pd0332991 Among the GSK inhibitors available in
2022-09-20
Among the GSK-3 inhibitors available in market, lithium is probably the only example and the oldest one. Some molecules, both natural and synthetic, such as maleimide derivatives, staurosporine (from the bacterium Streptomyces storosporeus), indole derivatives such as indirubin (used since long in t
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2022-09-20
Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we demonstrated that zaprinast (a cGMP-PDE inhibitor) induced the intracellular calcium mobilization in the abiraterone acetate mg coexpressing GPR35 and Gqi5, Gqo5, or Gα16. Induction of intracellular calcium mobilization by zaprinas
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Compounds and were tested for pharmacodynamic effects in a m
2022-09-20
Compounds , and were tested for pharmacodynamic effects in a mouse oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in wild-type and GPR120 deficient mice, and each compound demonstrated GPR120 mechanism-based effects. Data for compound is shown in , indicating mechanism-based reduction in glucose excursion a
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A linker length of and atoms was
2022-09-20
A linker length of 4 and 5 atoms was found to be optimal ( and ) compared to the only weakly active compounds with longer linkers ( and ) or the inactive compounds with shorter linker chains (–). In a next step incorporation of hetero-atoms in the linker was explored (). An amide linker as in and di
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br NLS and NES Mapping br Sequence
2022-09-17
NLS and NES Mapping Sequence Comparison of Gli NLSs—NLSs in ZF Domains Alignment of the Gli NLSs of representative metazoan animals suggests that the amino Punicalin residues in the ZF domains are strongly conserved (Figure 4.2, Figure 4.3B). However, the length of the intervening amino acid
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