• The GLU Epac transgenic mouse enabled us to monitor cAMP

  2022-01-15

  

  The GLU-Epac transgenic mouse enabled us to monitor cAMP responses to GPR119 ligands in individual primary cultured L-cells. Not all L-cells were found to be responsive to AR231453, suggesting there may be a subpopulation of L-cells that do not express functional GPR119. There was a tendency for sma

• br Experimental br Acknowledgments The authors are grateful

  2022-01-15

  

  Experimental Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Fundamental Scientific Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2016ZX350030) for financial support. Introduction 2-Lysophosphatidylcholines (1-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholines, 2-LPC) are blood derived factors involve

• The use of HIV peptide epitope based vaccines

  2022-01-15

  

  The use of HIV-1 peptide epitope-based vaccines is safer and cheaper than live or inactivated vaccines [8]. However, peptide epitope vaccines could show poor immunogenicity and have poor uptake by APCs [9]. Nevertheless, nanocarrier-based delivery platforms have been demonstrated to enhance the pept

• Glutamate is a ubiquitous principal excitatory neurotransmit

  2022-01-15

  

  Glutamate is a ubiquitous principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the DMOG receptor that plays a central role in a variety of brain functions (Delgado, 2013, Hawkins, 2009). Several studies reported that CSF glutamate was associated with mental illness, including major depressive disorder, anxious

• Nevirapine Regarding the causative diseases of ES patients w

  2022-01-15

  

  Regarding the causative diseases of ES, patients with unknown cause and those with encephalitis had significantly higher CSF levels of Nevirapine against GluN2B-NT2 and GluN2B-CT than the disease controls, but patients with genetic disorder and those with cortical dysplasia showed no significant di

• However it is unclear whether

  2022-01-15

  

  However, it is unclear whether the parent and transition metal substitution in Keggin-type phosphomolybdic Alamethicin will reveal the best effects on α-glucosidase. Therefore, the Keggin-type H3PMo12O40 (abbreviated as PMo12) and three transition metal-substituted POMs (Na4PMo11VO40, Na6PMo11FeO40

• br SMO antagonists pitfalls and limitations

  2022-01-15

  

  SMO antagonists: pitfalls and limitations The first Hh inhibitor discovered was cyclopamine, a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from Veratrum californicum[21], which inactivates SMO by directly binding to its hepathelical bundle. Nevertheless, cyclopamine has shown several limitations as a d

• Ghrelin receptors in non mammals

  2022-01-15

  

  Ghrelin receptors in non-mammals are reportedly more “complicated/complex and diverse” than in mammals, having additional paralogs and splice variants (Kaiya et al., 2014). Several teleost fish GHS-Rs have been identified; however, functional characterization has been conducted in only a few (see, K

• Inhibitors of the G rdos effect include the Ca

  2022-01-15

  

  Inhibitors of the Gárdos effect include the Ca2+-channel blocker nitrendipine with an IC50 of ∼103nM (Ellory et al., 1992, Ellory et al., 1992); its mode of action is likely to be from direct blockage of K+ flux through the Gárdos channel (Ellory et al., 1992, Ellory et al., 1992), and the peptidic

• Magtanong et al have demonstrated that MUFAs induce a

  2022-01-14

  

  Magtanong et al. (2019) have demonstrated that MUFAs induce a ferroptosis-resistant state in cells in an ACSL3 (acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3) dependent manner. They observed that MUFAs did not increase the expression of GPX4, which opposes ferroptosis. However, they blocked plasma

• br Introduction More than structurally different isoprenoids

  2022-01-14

  

  Introduction More than 30,000 structurally different isoprenoids, such as steroids, carotenoids, prenyl side-chain of quinones, prenyl proteins, and natural rubber, exist in nature. In a biosynthetic pathway, linear prenyl diphosphates are common structures as a precursor of isoprenoids, as shown

• Neuropathic pain NP is a chronic pain caused by lesion

  2022-01-14

  

  Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic pain caused by lesion or disease affecting any part of the nervous system leading to clinical conditions ranging from painful neuropathy to poststroke central pain. Anticonvulsant drugs, Gabapentin and Pregabalin, acting on αδ subunit-containing voltage-dependent c

• br Application of TIRFM to visualizing exocytosis

  2022-01-14

  

  Application of TIRFM to visualizing exocytosis TIRFM was first used to visualize exocytosis from large secretory granules from chromaffin GSK1059615 (Steyer et al., 1997). Before that, visualization of secretory organelle was strictly limited to a few exceptions, such as mast cell of mutant mice

• br Acknowledgement The work was supported by the NSFC throug

  2022-01-14

  

  6. Acknowledgement The work was supported by the NSFC through Grant Nos. 11535016 and 11475232. It was also supported by CAS. The authors thank their collaborators for beneficial discussions and enthusiastic supports in the simulations and calculations. Introduction Hypoxia-inducible factors

• Platycodon grandiflorum is a member of

  2022-01-14

  

  Platycodon grandiflorum is a member of the genus Platycodon and is commonly known as balloon flower. In East Asia, P. grandiflorum is used for the treatment of asthma, coughs, inflammatory diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, and diabetes (Takagi and Lee, 1972). Furthermore, recent studies have reporte

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