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br Introduction Throughout early prophase I meiotic cells in
2024-03-25
Introduction Throughout early prophase I, meiotic cells intentionally generate DSBs as part of a stringently controlled process to initiate homologous recombination (HR). HR is a critical DSB repair pathway that ultimately permits the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes
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Finally not only can ERs
2024-03-25
Finally, not only can ERs pair with different mGluRs in different Malotilate regions, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the same mGluRs can pair with distinct downstream signaling partners to have differential effects both within and across brain regions (Gross et al., 2016; Mannaioni et a
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br Material and methods br Results br Discussion
2024-03-25
Material and methods Results Discussion Didox was originally created asa cytostatic drug to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by antagonizing RNR [11]. When used to target highly proliferative cells, Didox has extensive activity in vitro and in vivo. It has also been employed in clinical st
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Plant defensins are cysteine rich cationic peptides of kDa
2024-03-25
Plant defensins are cysteine-rich cationic peptides of 5–8 kDa whose mature domain comprises 45 to 54 amino Leflunomide residues, with an isoelectric point around 9. The global fold of plant defensins consists of a cysteine-stabilized motif (CSα/β) made up of an α-helix and a triple-stranded β-shee
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The RE compartment has been shown to
2024-03-25
The RE compartment has been shown to be critical for supplying AMPAR during LTP (Hanley, 2010; Park et al., 2004), but whether they also supply AMPAR for synaptic scaling has been less clear (Gainey et al., 2015; Tan et al., 2015). Interestingly, although an increase in μ3A is necessary for scaling,
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Epidermal growth factor EGF has been shown to increase the
2024-03-25
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to increase the 12S-lipoxygenase mRNA level by about two-fold in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells [71]. This enzyme was shown to be of the platelet-type and associated with the microsomal fraction of the cells [71], [72]. A requirement for EGF recept
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br Conclusion br Acknowledgement This study was
2024-03-25
Conclusion Acknowledgement This study was supported by NIH/NINDSR01 NS036812-16. Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a heterogeneous family of enzymes that catalyze the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). By oxidizing free PUFAs, they were shown to contribute to the gene
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br Experimental br Acknowledgment br Introduction The
2024-03-25
Experimental Acknowledgment Introduction The NADPH-dependent reduction of d-glucose catalyzed by aldose reductase (E.C.1.1.1.21) (AR) is considered as one of the phenomena leading to the onset of long term diabetic complications [as review see: [1], [2]. In fact, the reduction of the sugar,
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br Materials and methods br Results Bilateral microinjection
2024-03-22
Materials and methods Results Bilateral microinjections (n = 6) of 10 mM ACh (300–500 pmol) and 5 mM physostigmine (150–250 pmol) at the two selected caudal NTS sites caused within 1 min significant increases in respiratory frequency (from 54.5 ± 1.7 to 70.9 ± 4.1 breaths/min; +30.8 ± 7.0%; P
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br Results Of the U S jurisdictions surveyed Table
2024-03-22
Results Of the 51 U.S. jurisdictions surveyed (Table 1), 33 reported that hyperargininemia is one of the conditions for which all newborns are required to be screened, with the earliest screening reported in Massachusetts in 1999. Of the 18 other jurisdictions, an additional 5 reported that hyper
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br AR signaling and urothelial cancer progression As shown
2024-03-22
AR signaling and urothelial cancer progression As shown in other types of malignancies, such as prostate cancer cells, it has been documented that androgens induce AR expression and its nuclear translocation as well as ARE promoter activity in urothelial cancer cells (Chen et al., 2003, Izumi et
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WKY and SHR strains have important differences
2024-03-22
WKY and SHR strains have important differences mainly in their sympathetic status but also in the activity of the RAS. The development of hypertension in SHR is clearly related to an increase in sympathetic activity [51], [11]. In addition, increased renal sympathetic nerve activity led to an increa
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Some of the mechanisms that
2024-03-22
Some of the mechanisms that involve 12-LOX as a potential pathogenic enzyme are illustrated in Fig. 2. Direct β cell effects associated with the stimulation of 12-LOX activity include the activation of second messengers c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, both of which show increased phosphorylati
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Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly orchestra
2024-03-21
Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly orchestrated process that involves myoblast proliferation, rock withdrawal, expression of muscle-specific genes, and fusion into multinucleated myofibers (Horsley and Pavlath, 2004; Krauss, 2010). The maintenance of muscle mass is important for sta
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br Discussion Here we show opposing effects
2024-03-21
Discussion Here, we show opposing effects of iontophoretically administered phenylephrine,aselective α1-AR agonist, on firing of putatively DAergic and non-DAergic neurons recorded in vivo in the VTA of urethane anaesthetized rats. Phenylephrine application caused a relatively weak decrease in fi