• MicroRNA miRNA is an abundant

  2023-11-21

  

  MicroRNA (miRNA) is an abundant group of small (22-nucleotide) noncoding RNA molecules that directly binds with 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to regulate gene expression, playing an important role in variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apopto

• This study does have several limitations mainly related

  2023-11-21

  

  This study does have several limitations, mainly related to the DMSO vehicle. While DMSO is a known anti-inflammatory mediator,5, 12 it has been shown to upregulate ALOX5, which was not seen in this study (as we are likely underpowered to detect this difference). A manifestation of this anti-inflamm

• br Co http www apexbt com

  2023-11-21

  

  Conclusions This paper is the first meta-analysis about the association between SRD5A2 V89L polymorphism and hypospadias risk. The results of this meta-analysis have revealed that V89L polymorphism definitely increases the risk of hypospadias, and the C allele is a genetic risk factor for hypospa

• Regarding androgens it is known that they are also

  2023-11-21

  

  Regarding androgens, it is known that they are also essential for reproductive success (Walters et al., 2010). At the molecular level, their effects are produced mainly by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), arising from the conversion of testosterone by the enzyme 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid-4-dehydrogenase (enco

• Dacarbazine br Cytochrome b br Cytochrome P hydroxylase lyas

  2023-11-21

  

  Cytochrome b5 Cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450 17A1) A number of P450s involved in steroid biosynthesis are multifunctional as they carry out two or more sequential hydroxylation reactions on the same substrate(s). P450 17A1 is a dual function endoplasmic reticulum enzyme enco

• ATM is required for the proper function of the

  2023-11-21

  

  ATM is required for the proper function of the DNA-repair pathway in response to bleomycin-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells [55], [56]. Recent reports suggest that ATM activation by double-strand breaks leads to the subsequent ATR activation [57], [58], [59]. The recruitment of ATR to double-st

• Two critical determinants of receptor

  2023-11-21

  

  Two critical determinants of receptor trafficking are found within the GABAB1 cytoplasmic tail: the di-leucine internalization signal (EKSRLL) (Margeta-Mitrovic et al., 2000, Restituito et al., 2005) and the ER retention signal (RSRR) (Calver et al., 2001, Margeta-Mitrovic et al., 2000, Pagano et al

• br ASK in multiple sclerosis and

  2023-11-21

  

  ASK1 in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is the most common neurological disease among young adults in the United States and Europe (Dutta and Trapp, 2011). Although MS primarily affect

• Recently competitive inhibitors of arginase have been develo

  2023-11-21

  

  Recently, competitive inhibitors of arginase have been developed which have greater specificity for the enzyme. Initial development of these compounds involved determination of the crystal structure of arginase. Christianson and colleagues found that a binuclear manganese cluster was required for ca

• To elucidate whether membrane fluidity changes could impact

  2023-11-21

  

  To elucidate whether membrane fluidity changes could impact on signaling pathways, we examined the effects of Rh2 on the activation of Akt, a lipid raft-associated protein kinase, which promotes cell survival and blocks the apoptotic pathways. Upon pretreatment with 5 mM MβCD and in the absence of R

• The efficacy of antibiotics in

  2023-11-21

  

  The efficacy of Evodiamine in improving smell function has been previously found to be negative, both when used for bacterial and viral infections. Van Zele et al, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, found no influence of doxycycline treatment on self-reported olfactory loss i

• The loss of synaptic proteins such as synaptophysin from the

  2023-11-21

  

  The loss of synaptic proteins such as synaptophysin from the DASA-58 synthesis is indicative of synapse degeneration and provided a good correlate of the degree of dementia in AD [12], [13], [14]. Consequently, the loss of synaptic proteins from cultured primary neurons incubated with Aβ provides a

• Although mature fibrils formed from A

  2023-11-21

  

  Although mature fibrils formed from Aβ FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate have long been thought to be the main neurodegenerative agents in AD, recent evidence suggests that soluble multimers of these pathogenic proteins, referred to here as “oligomers,” may initiate the synaptic and neuronal dysfunct

• AR is an enzyme involved in

  2023-11-20

  

  AR is an enzyme involved in conversion of glucose into sorbitol using NADPH as a cofactor [46]. This AR polyol pathway generates sorbitol accumulation and NADPH depletion. NADPH participates in detoxification via glutathione (GSH) reductase pathway [47]. Therefore, reduction of NADPH attenuates remo

• Nrf br AhR br Nrf and AhR friends or

  2023-11-20

  

  Nrf2 AhR Nrf2 and AhR: friends or foes for energetic metabolism? Perspectives in carcinogenesis upon xenobiotic exposure Acknowledgements Introduction Integration of endogenous and exogenous signals via appropriate receptors is at the core of biological differentiation and adaptive r

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